Dr. Christopher R. von Rueden
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Profile
Dr. Christopher von Rueden looks at leadership through the lens of cultural and evolutionary anthropology. An anthropologist with expertise in traditional human societies, his research focuses on how humans form status hierarchies, why we evolved to do so, and the demographic and ecological factors that cause our hierarchies to be more or less coercive. Relatedly, he studies the role of leader-follower relationships in the evolution of human cooperation.
At the Jepson School, von Rueden teaches courses such as Theories and Models of Leadership and Sex, Leadership, and the Evolution of Human Societies.
In addition to his work on status and leadership, he has published on topics such as why humans differ in personality traits and cross-cultural variation in parenting and in gendered divisions of labor.
He has conducted ethnographic fieldwork with Tsimané forager-horticulturalists of Amazonian Bolivia, and more recently, with Himba pastoralists of northern Namibia. His work with the Tsimané is part of a larger project (the Tsimané Health and Life History Project) that investigates aging, health, and social behavior in a small-scale human population.
Through his affiliations with the Santa Fe Institute and the Culture and the Mind Project, von Rueden has investigated social networks and wealth inheritance in traditional human societies and cross-cultural variation in moral decision-making, respectively. He serves on the board of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society and is president of One Pencil Project, an NGO providing educational resources to indigenous populations in Bolivia and Namibia.
He received a doctorate in anthropology, with an emphasis in cognitive science, from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and a bachelor’s degree in anthropology from Harvard University. To learn more about von Rueden's scholarship and teaching, visit his personal website.
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Awards
Cramer Family Faculty Fellowship, Jepson School of Leadership Studies, 2025
Distinguished Scholarship Award, University of Richmond, 2025
Fellow, Human Behavior and Evolution Society, 2024
Distinguished Educator Award, University of Richmond, 2023
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Awards
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Selected Publications
Journal Articles
D. Stibbard-Hawkes and C. von Rueden (2025). "Egalitarianism is not equality: Moving from outcome to process in the study of human political organisation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
Z. Garfield, C. von Rueden, and E. Hagen (2025). "The Multi-Capital Leadership Theory: An integrative framework for human leadership diversity." Human Nature.
D. Shilton, A. D. Patel, K. Hill, and C. von Rueden (2025). "Why collective music-making is sometimes rare: A study of four indigenous societies." Evolution and Human Behavior.
J. Thomson, S. Lew-Levy, C. von Rueden, and D. N. E. Stibbard-Hawkes (2025). “Fiercely egalitarian”: Thematic cross-cultural analysis reveals regularities in the maintenance of egalitarianism across four independent African hunter-gatherer groups. Cross-Cultural Research.
Lasse Laustsen, Xiaotian Sheng, M. Ghufran Ahmad, Christopher von Rueden, et al. (2025). Cross-cultural evidence that intergroup conflict heightens preferences for dominant leaders: A 25-country study. Evolution and Human Behavior.
C. von Rueden (2024). “Think leader, think alpha male” and the evolution of leader stereotypes. Evolution and Human Behavior.
Christopher von Rueden (2023). Unmaking egalitarianism: Comparing sources of political change in an Amazonian society. Evolution and Human Behavior.
Cody T. Ross, Paul L. Hooper, Jennifer E. Smith, Christopher von Rueden, et al. (2023). Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals. PNAS.
Tanya Broesch, Christopher von Rueden, Kim Yurkowski, et al. (2023). Fatherhood and child–father attachment in two small-scale societies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology.
P. Durkee, A. Lukaszewski, C. von Rueden, M. Gurven, D. Buss, & E. TuckerDrob (2022). Niche diversity predicts personality structure across 115 nations. Psychological Science.
Aniruddh D. Patel and Chris von Rueden (2021). Where they sing solo: Accounting for cross-cultural variation in collective music-making in theories of music evolution. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
J. E. Smith, C. von Rueden, M. van Vugt, C. Fichtel, & P. M. Kappeler (2021). An evolutionary explanation for the female leadership paradox. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
Adrian V. Jaeggi, Aaron D. Blackwell, Christopher von Rueden, et al. (2021). Do wealth and inequality associate with health in a small-scale subsistence society? eLife.
Daniel Redhead and Christopher R. von Rueden (2021). Coalitions and conflict: A longitudinal analysis of men's politics. Evolutionary Human Sciences.
Book ChaptersC. von Rueden (2024). Status. In J. Koster, B. Scelza, & M. Shenk (Eds.) Human Behavioral Ecology (pp. 153-179). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108377911.008
S. Lonati, Z.H. Garfield, N. Bastardoz, and C. von Rueden (2024). Leadership as an emotional process: An evolutionarily informed perspective. In L. Al-Shawaf & T.K. Shackelford (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Evolution and the Emotions, (pp. 1021-1039). Oxford University Press.
C. von Rueden (2023). Patriarchy and its origins. In G. Goethals, S. Allison, & G. Sorenson (Eds.) The Sage Encyclopedia of Leadership Studies. Sage Publishing.
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In the News
Hunter-gather groups are much less egalitarian than they seem (New Scientist)
Fri., Dec. 5, 2025Does social status shape height? (Science News)
Fri., Jun. 28, 2024 - Links