Dr. Crystal L. Hoyt
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Profile
Dr. Crystal L. Hoyt is professor of leadership studies and psychology and the Colonel Leo K. & Gaylee Thorsness Endowed Chair in Ethical Leadership at the University of Richmond.
Her scholarship generally resides at the intersection of human belief systems (e.g., mindsets, stereotypes, and ideologies) and social justice and well-being. She focuses on better understanding the experiences and the perceptions of individuals with stigmatized social identities, such as women and minorities in leadership or STEM fields, those who are overweight, sexual minorities, or those who live in poverty. Her research has implications for a host of fundamental social issues, such as addressing ethical failures in leadership, tackling intergroup bias and discrimination, bridging the gaps in leadership and educational achievement, and ensuring that social policies and interventions regarding vital social issues are informed and intentional.
Hoyt has received grants and awards recognizing her teaching and research. She is a fellow of both the Association for Psychological Science and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology and a recipient of both the University of Richmond’s Distinguished Educator Award and the Distinguished Scholarship Award.
Her research has been funded by the National Science Foundation and appears in journals, such as Psychological Science, Psychological Bulletin, Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, and Leadership Quarterly. She has published over 80 journal articles and book chapters and has co-edited three books. She has served as associate editor at Journal of Experimental Psychology: General and as a member of the editorial board for Leadership Quarterly and Sex Roles. Her research and writing have been featured in news outlets, including the New York Times, Washington Post, US News and World Report, Boston Globe, Today Show, and NPR’s Tell Me More, among others.
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Awards
Jepson School Award for Leadership and Service, University of Richmond, 2022
Distinguished Scholarship Award, University of Richmond, 2021
SPSP Fellow, Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 2020
APS Fellow, Association for Psychological Science, 2018
Outstanding Alumni Award, Psychology Department, Claremont McKenna College, 2012
Distinguished Educator Award, University of Richmond, 2009
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Awards
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Selected Publications
Books
Goethals, A., & Hoyt, C. (Eds.). (2017). Women and leadership: History, theories, and case studies. Berkshire Publishing.
Journal ArticlesHoyt, C. L., Burnette, J. L., and Moore M. (Nov. 18, 2024). "Partisan prejudice: The role of beliefs about the unchanging nature of ideology and partisans." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Advance online publication.
Burnette, J. L., Hoyt, C. L., Becker, W., & O'Keefe, P. A. (Nov. 18, 2024). "Addiction stigma: Potential costs and benefits of beliefs about the nature of addiction." Stigma and Health. Advance online publication.
Hoyt, C. L., Burnette, J. L., Marston, A., Moore, M., Rosen, S., and Lavine, I. (2024). "The role of health campaigns in stigma toward those with anorexia nervosa." Stigma and Health. Advance online publication.
Babij, A. D., Earl, S., Becker, W., Hoyt, C. L., Burnette, J. L., Marston, A., and Crispin, K. (2023, Oct. 16). "Mindsets of mental illness: What are the implications for stigma?" Stigma and Health. Advance online publication.
Hoyt, C. L., Burnette, J. L., Billingsley, J., Becker, W., & Babij, A. D. (online September 2023). Mindsets of poverty: Implications for redistributive policy support. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 23(3): 668-693. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12367
Hoyt, C. L., Rafferty, D., Earl, S., & Burnette, J. L. (online August 2023). Growth mindsets of people can promote interracial contact intentions among White Americans via positive expectations and reduced anxiety. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302231187262
Hoyt, C. L., Lundberg, K. B., Lauber, M., Wallace, H., & Marston, A. (Aug. 2, 2023). When coupled with anti-egalitarianism, colour evasion predicts protection of the status quo during a university-wide movement for racial justice. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2726
Burnette, Jeni L, Laura E. Knouse, Joseph Billingsley, Sydney Earl, Jeffrey M. Pollack, and Crystal L. Hoyt. (online Dec. 27, 2022). A systematic review of growth mindset intervention implementation strategies. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12723.
Hoyt, Crystal L., Ayele d'Almeida, Rachel B. Forsyth, & Jeni L. Burnette. (2022). Mindsets of criminality: Predicting punitive and rehabilitative attitudes. Psychology, Crime and Law.
Hoyt, Crystal L., Joseph Billingsley, Jeni L. Burnette, Whitney Becker, & Alexandra D. Babij. (2022). The implications of mindsets of poverty for stigma against those in poverty. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
Becker, Whitney, Jeni L. Burnette, & Crystal L. Hoyt. (2022). Coping in the time of COVID-19: Mindsets and the stories we tell. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
Burnette, J. L., J. Billingsley, G. C. Banks, L. E. Knouse, C. L. Hoyt, J. M. Pollack, & S. Simon. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work? Psychological Bulletin.
Simon, Stefanie, Crystal L. Hoyt, & Stephanie Fattorusso. (2022). Stereotypic beliefs contribute to gender disparities in the field of economics. The Journal of Social Psychology.
Burnette, Jeni L., Crystal L. Hoyt, N. Buttrick, & L. Auster-Gussman. (2022). Well-being in the time of COVID-19: Do metaphors and mindsets matter? International Journal of Psychology.
Burnette, Jeni L., Joseph Billingsley, & Crystal L. Hoyt. (2022). Harnessing growth mindsests to help individuals flourish. Social and Personality Psychology Compass.
Hoyt, Crystal L., Jeni L. Burnette, Emma Nash, Whitney Becker, & Joseph Billingsley. (2021). Growth Mindsets of Anxiety: Do the Benefits to Individual Flourishing Come with Societal Costs? The Journal of Positive Psychology.
Hoyt, Crystal L., Jeni L. Burnette, Rachel B. Forsyth, Mitchell Parry, & Brenten H. DeShields. (2021). Believing in the American Dream sustains negative attitudes toward those in poverty. Social Psychology Quarterly.
Burnette, Jeni L., Crystal L. Hoyt, Nicholas Buttrick, & Lisa A. Auster-Gussman. (2021). Well-being in the time of COVID-19: Do metaphors and mindsets matter? International Journal of Psychology.
Hoyt, C. L., & DeShields, B. H. (2020). How social-class background influences perceptions of political leaders. Political Psychology.
Pollack, Jeffrey M., Jon C. Carr, Andrew C. Corbett, Crystal L. Hoyt, Franz W. Kellermanns, Bradley L. Kirkman, & Corinne Post. (2020). Contextual and Interactional Approaches to Advancing Leadership and Entrepreneurship Research. Journal of Management Studies.
Hoyt, C. L., & Burnette, J. L. (2020). Growth mindset messaging in stigma-relevant contexts: Harnessing benefits without costs. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
Hoyt, C. L., Allison, S. T., Barnowski, A., & Sultan, A. (2020). Lay theories of heroism and leadership: The role of gender, communion, and agency. Social Psychology.
Lindgren, K. P., Burnette, J. L., Hoyt, C. L., Peterson, K. P., & Neighbors, C. (2019). Growth mindsets of alcoholism buffer against deleterious effects of drinking identity on problem drinking over time. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.
Burnette, J.L., Pollack, J.M., Forsyth, R.B., Hoyt, C.L., Babij, A.D., Thomas, F.N., & Coy, A. (2019). A growth mindset intervention: Enhancing students entrepreneurial self-efficacy and career development. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice.
Babij, A.D., Burnette, J.L., & Hoyt, C.L. (2019). Failing and feeling bad: How we think about experiencing negative emotions during setbacks. Motivation and Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09789-3
Schleider, J.L., Burnette, J.L., Widman, L., Hoyt, C.L., & Prinstein, M.J. (2019). Randomized trial of a single-session growth mindset intervention for rural adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.
Burnette, J.L., Forsyth, R.B., Desmarais, S.L., & Hoyt, C.L. (2019). Mindsets of addiction: Implications for treatment choices in an online sample of substance users. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 38, 367-394.
Thomas, F.N., Burnette, J.L., & Hoyt, C.L. (2019). Mindsets of health and healthy eating intentions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 49, 372-380.
Burnette, J.L., Hoyt, C.L., Russell, M., Lawson, B., Dweck, C.S., & Finkel, E.J. (2019). A growth mind-set intervention improves interest but not academic performance in the field of computer science. Social Psychological and Personality Science. DOI: 10.1177/1948550619841631
Hoyt, C.L., Morgenroth, T., & Burnette, J.L. (2019). Understanding sexual prejudice: The role of political ideology and strategic essentialism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49 (1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12560
Hoyt, C.L., & Parry, M. (2018). Sociocultural and individual manifestations of sexual stigma: The role of political ideology and prejudice in discrimination against sexual minorities. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 6(1), 92-128. doi:10.5964/jspp.v6i1.810
Hoyt, C.L., *Forsyth, R., & Burnette, J.L. (2018). Social dominance orientation moderates the effectiveness of mindset messages. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52 (2) 448-460.
Hoyt, C.L., Moss, A.J., Burnette, J.L., Schieffelin, A., & Goethals, A. (2018). Wealth inequality and activism: Perceiving injustice galvanizes social change but perceptions depend on political ideologies. European Journal of Social Psychology.
Hoyt, C.L. & Simon, S. (2016). The role of social dominance orientation and patriotism in the evaluation of minority and female leaders. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46, 518–528. DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12380
Hoyt, C.L., Burnette, J., Auster-Gussman. L., Blodorn, A., & Major, B. (2016). The obesity stigma asymmetry model: Indirect and divergent effects of blame and entity theorizing on anti-fat prejudice. Stigma and Health. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sah0000026
Hoyt, C.L. & Murphy, S. (2016). Managing to clear the air: Stereotype threat, women, and leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 387-399. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.11.002
Hoyt, C.L. & Goldin, A. (2016). Political ideology and American intergroup discrimination: A patriotism perspective. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(4), 369-381. DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1106434
Hoyt, C.L. & Price, T. (2015). Ethical decision making and leadership: Merging social role and self-construal perspectives. Journal of Business Ethics, 126, 531-539.
Hoyt, C.L., Burnette, J., & Auster-Gussman, L. (2014). "Obesity is a disease": Examining the self-regulatory impact of this public-health message. Psychological Science, 25, 997-1002.
Book ChaptersHoyt, C.L. (2024). Gender and heroism. In S. T. Allison, J. K. Beggan, & G. R. Goethals (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17125-3_13-1
Simon, Stefanie, & Crystal L. Hoyt. (2021). Gender and leadership. In Peter G. Northouse (ed.), Leadership: Theory and Practice, 9th edition. Los Angeles: Sage.
Hoyt, C. L., & Burnette, J. (2019). Efficacy and growth mindsets buffer against identity threat for women in leadership positions. In S. Tan and L. DeFrank-Cole (Eds.) Women’s Leadership Journeys Revealed.
Hoyt, C.L., & Simon, S. (2017). Social psychological approaches to women and leadership theory. In S. Madsen (Ed.) Handbook of Research on Gender and Leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Burnette, J.L., Hoyt, C.L., & Orvidas, K. (2017). Mindsets of body weight. In C. Zedelius and J. Schooler (Eds.) Lay Theories. Springer.
Hoyt, C. (2015). Social identities and leadership: The case of gender. In G. Goethals, S. Alison, R. Kramer, & D. Messick’s Conceptions of Leadership: Enduring Ideas and Emerging Insights (pp. 71-91). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hoyt, C.L., & Simon, S. (2015). Women and leadership. In P. Northouse’s Leadership: Theory and practice (7th edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hoyt, C.L. (2013). Leadership within virtual contexts. In Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (Ed.), The Social Net: Human Behavior in Cyberspace (2nd edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
BlogsBurnette, Jeni L., Crystal L. Hoyt, and Joseph Billingsley. (Dec. 21, 2022). Do growth mindset interventions work? Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
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In the News
New research reveals the double-edge effects of essentialist beliefs on political bias (PsyPost)
Thu., Dec. 19, 2024How we can overcome our "partisan prejudice" (Richmond Times-Dispatch)
Tue., Nov. 5, 2024How the American Dream distorts our views on poverty (Richmond Times-Dispatch)
Fri., Mar. 10, 2023Misunderstanding poverty: Changing American mindsets (Our Dream Deferred podcast)
Wed., Aug. 16, 2023Advancing women in economics is a moral imperative: Why aren't we talking about it? (Diverse Issues in Higher Education)
Thu., Nov. 3, 2022Crystal L. Hoyt Column: COVID-19 exposes U.S.' dire need for more working-class politicians on future ballots (Richmond Times-Dispatch)
Mon., Dec. 7, 2020A VP Kamala Harris would redefine leadership by smashing race and gender barriers (USA Today)
Mon., Aug. 24, 2020Governor Northam's forgotten epidemic: Virginia's unemployed (The Washington Post)
Wed., May. 13, 2020The sexism in liberal politics is real (The Hill)
Mon., Mar. 9, 2020UR leadership studies professor named fellow (Richmond Times-Dispatch)
Sun., Jan. 20, 2019At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations (USA Today)
Mon., Jan. 23, 2017Surprising psychology can make the country healthier (Scientific American)
Tue., Jun. 10, 2014Psychological consequences of calling obesity a disease (NPR)
Tue., Apr. 22, 2014To be or not to be? Should obesity be a disease? (The Psych Report)
Sun., Mar. 23, 2014Should obesity be a 'diseae'? (New York Times)
Tue., Feb. 25, 2014Does labeling obesity as a disease backfire? (Psychology Today, U.S. News, Huffington Post and other outlets)
Thu., Jan. 30, 2014Why women make better money managers
Fri., Jan. 17, 2014 - Links